Constant heartburn is a persistent and uncomfortable condition that affects millions of people worldwide. This burning sensation in the chest, often accompanied by a sour taste in the mouth, can significantly impact one’s quality of life. While occasional heartburn is common, constant heartburn may indicate an underlying issue that requires attention. This article explores the various causes of constant heartburn and provides insights into managing this troublesome condition.
What is Constant Heartburn?
Constant heartburn, also known as chronic acid reflux, occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the oesophagus. Unlike occasional heartburn, which may happen after consuming certain foods or beverages, constant heartburn is a recurring issue that can occur daily or several times a week. The persistent nature of constant heartburn can lead to complications if left untreated, making it crucial to understand its causes and seek appropriate medical advice.
Common Causes of Constant Heartburn
- Diet and Lifestyle Factors
One of the primary contributors to constant heartburn is diet. Certain foods and beverages are known to trigger or exacerbate heartburn symptoms. These include:
- Spicy, fatty, or acidic foods
- Citrus fruits and tomatoes
- Chocolate and mint
- Caffeinated and alcoholic beverages
Additionally, lifestyle factors such as overeating, eating close to bedtime, and lying down immediately after meals can increase the likelihood of experiencing constant heartburn.
- Obesity and Excess Weight
Carrying excess weight, particularly around the abdominal area, can put pressure on the stomach and lower oesophageal sphincter (LES). This pressure can cause the LES to relax, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the oesophagus more easily. Consequently, individuals who are overweight or obese are at a higher risk of developing constant heartburn.
- Pregnancy
Hormonal changes during pregnancy can relax the LES, leading to increased instances of heartburn. As the growing uterus puts pressure on the stomach, pregnant women may experience more frequent episodes of constant heartburn, especially in the latter stages of pregnancy.
- Hiatal Hernia
A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. This condition can weaken the LES and contribute to constant heartburn. While small hiatal hernias may not cause significant symptoms, larger ones can lead to persistent acid reflux and discomfort.
- Medications
Certain medications can irritate the oesophagus or relax the LES, increasing the likelihood of constant heartburn. Common culprits include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Some blood pressure medications
- Certain antibiotics
- Some osteoporosis treatments
- Smoking
Smoking is a known risk factor for constant heartburn. The habit can weaken the LES, reduce saliva production (which helps neutralise stomach acid), and increase stomach acid production. Smokers are more likely to experience frequent episodes of heartburn compared to non-smokers.
- Stress and Anxiety
While stress and anxiety do not directly cause constant heartburn, they can exacerbate symptoms and increase sensitivity to acid reflux. Chronic stress may lead to changes in eating habits, increased muscle tension, and alterations in digestive processes, all of which can contribute to constant heartburn.
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
GERD is a chronic condition characterised by frequent acid reflux. Individuals with GERD often experience constant heartburn as a primary symptom. The condition occurs when the LES becomes weakened or dysfunctional, allowing stomach contents to flow back into the oesophagus regularly.
- H. pylori Infection
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that can infect the stomach lining. While not all individuals infected with H. pylori experience symptoms, some may develop constant heartburn as a result of the infection. H. pylori can increase stomach acid production and potentially lead to ulcers, further contributing to heartburn symptoms.
- Oesophageal Motility Disorders
Disorders affecting the muscles of the oesophagus can interfere with proper swallowing and the movement of food and liquids. These conditions can lead to a buildup of stomach contents in the oesophagus, increasing the likelihood of constant heartburn.
Managing Constant Heartburn
While constant heartburn can be distressing, there are several strategies to manage and alleviate symptoms:
- Dietary modifications: Identifying and avoiding trigger foods, eating smaller meals, and avoiding late-night snacking can help reduce the frequency of heartburn episodes.
- Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, and elevating the head of the bed can significantly improve symptoms of constant heartburn.
- Stress management: Incorporating relaxation techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or yoga can help reduce stress-related heartburn.
- Over-the-counter medications: Antacids and acid reducers can provide temporary relief from constant heartburn symptoms. However, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional before long-term use.
- Prescription medications: In cases of severe or persistent constant heartburn, a doctor may prescribe stronger medications to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
- Surgical interventions: In some cases, surgical procedures may be recommended to address underlying issues contributing to constant heartburn, such as hiatal hernia repair or fundoplication.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While occasional heartburn is common, constant heartburn should not be ignored. It’s important to consult a healthcare professional if:
- Heartburn occurs more than twice a week
- Symptoms persist despite lifestyle changes and over-the-counter treatments
- Difficulty swallowing or pain when swallowing accompanies heartburn
- Unexplained weight loss occurs
- Heartburn interferes with daily activities or sleep
Constant heartburn can significantly impact one’s quality of life, but understanding its causes and implementing appropriate management strategies can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. By working closely with healthcare professionals and making necessary lifestyle adjustments, individuals suffering from constant heartburn can find relief and improve their overall well-being.